The Hopeful Monster Finds a Mate and Founds a New Species
Abstract
Abstract
Saltation (fundamental changes in a species in a single-generation) has been argued to be incompatible with evolution and Darwinism. Indeed, the mental image of a “hopeful monster” looking unsuccessfully for a mate has been used to ridicule the concept put forward by Richard Goldschmidt in 1940. Nonetheless, over the last decade it has become well known that simple, common pericentric inversions of chromosomes (which may have no effect on morphology) drastically decrease the fertility of affected individuals when mated with individuals with normal centromere parity. But, mating between individuals with the same (inverted) parity appears to lead to formation of a population with homozygous inverted parity chromosomes, which has normal fertility. In this paper, it is argued that these populations with homogeneous (pericentromeric) inversions represent nascent new species within larger populations of the parent species. Examples involving mice, horses and even humans are presented. The phenotypes of these nascent species are almost indistinguishable from the normal population and they only diverge from the general population through stochastic variation and selection during periods of ecological change.
Keywords
References
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